Lifecycle Carbon Reduction Framework — Annexure

Consolidated Data Tables, Sensitivity Workings, Material Reference Data

Annexure to the White Paper: Notional Decarbonization Assessment for a 50,000 sq ft Commercial Interior Project

These tables form part of the original work of Amit Garg and IǪUBX Private Limited and must be read in conjunction with the accompanying white paper; all rights are reserved. This publication is an original work of Amit Garg and IǪUBX Private Limited; all rights in its text, frameworks, analyses, calculations, diagrams and presentation are reserved. Expanded clause is given in the end of the document

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Annexure A: Consolidated Carbon Impact Tables

Initial Embodied Carbon — All Systems

All values in tCO2e unless stated otherwise.

#	System	Quantity	Conv. Unit Carbon	Conv. Initial (tCO2e)	IQUBX Unit Carbon	IQUBX Initial (tCO2e)	Initial Saving (tCO2e)
1	Glass partitions	2,044 sqm	58.0 kg/sqm	118.6	50.5 kg/sqm	103.2	15.4
2	Solid partitions	1,672 sqm	95.0 kg/sqm	158.8	72.0 kg/sqm	120.4	38.4
3	SkyHatch ceiling	Package	Package	18.0	Package	22.0	-4.0
4	Workstations	350 nos	0.18 t/unit	63.0	0.12 t/unit	42.0	21.0
5	Baffle ceilings	743 sqm	25.0 kg/sqm	18.6	18.0 kg/sqm	13.4	5.2
6	Doors and frames	120 nos	0.35 t/unit	42.0	0.25 t/unit	30.0	12.0
7	Pods	10 nos	3.0 t/unit	30.0	2.3 t/unit	23.0	7.0
8	Feature panelling	557 sqm	55.0 kg/sqm	30.6	45.0 kg/sqm	25.1	5.5
	Total			479.6		379.1	100.5

Whole Interior Carbon Impact Summary

Parameter	Value
Total interior initial embodied carbon (at 500 kgCO2e/sqm)	2,322.0 tCO2e

 

Assessed systems as share of total	21%
Conventional 10-year total	2,694.8 tCO2e
IQUBX 10-year total	2,304.2 tCO2e
Absolute saving	390.6 tCO2e
% reduction in total 10-year interior lifecycle carbon	14.5%
% avoided carbon relative to initial interior embodied carbon	16.8%

Composition of Total Saving

Component	tCO2e	Share
Initial embodied carbon saving	100.5	25.7%
Lifecycle avoided carbon saving	290.1	74.3%
Total	390.6	100%

• Lifecycle Replacement Factors — All Systems

All lifecycle add-on values in tCO2e. Replacement factor = lifecycle add-on carbon as percentage of initial carbon.

 

#	System	Conv. Replacement Factor	Conv. Lifecycle Add-On (tCO2e)	IQUBX Replacement Factor	IQUBX Lifecycle Add-On (tCO2e)	Lifecycle Saving (tCO2e)
1	Glass partitions	75%	88.9	22%	22.7	66.2
2	Solid partitions	95%	150.9	25%	30.1	120.8
3	SkyHatch ceiling	250%	45.0	55%	12.0	33.0
4	Workstations	55%	34.7	15%	6.3	28.4
5	Baffle ceilings	35%	6.5	10%	1.3	5.2
6	Doors and frames	25%	10.5	10%	3.0	7.5
7	Pods	70%	21.0	15%	3.5	17.5
8	Feature panelling	50%	15.3	15%	3.8	11.5
	Total		372.8		82.7	290.1

Lifecycle add-on carbon reduction: 290.1 / 372.8 = 77.8%

Total 10-Year Carbon — All Systems (Detailed)

All values in tCO2e.

#	System	Conv. Initial	Conv. Lifecycle	Conv. 10-yr Total	IQUBX Initial	IQUBX Lifecycle	IQUBX 10- yr Total	System Saving	% Red.
1	Glass partitions	118.6	88.9	207.5	103.2	22.7	125.9	81.6	39%
2	Solid partitions	158.8	150.9	309.7	120.4	30.1	150.5	159.2	51%
3	SkyHatch ceiling	18.0	45.0	63.0	22.0	12.0	34.0	29.0	46%
4	Workstations	63.0	34.7	97.7	42.0	6.3	48.3	49.4	51%

5	Baffle ceilings	18.6	6.5	25.1	13.4	1.3	14.7	10.4	41%
6	Doors and frames	42.0	10.5	52.5	30.0	3.0	33.0	19.5	37%
7	Pods	30.0	21.0	51.0	23.0	3.5	26.5	24.5	48%
8	Feature panelling	30.6	15.3	45.9	25.1	3.8	28.9	17.0	37%
	Total	479.6	372.8	852.4	379.1	82.7	461.8	390.6	45.8%

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Annexure B: Sensitivity Analysis — Detailed Workings

Lifecycle Replacement Factor Sensitivity (±25%)

Scenario	Conv. 10-yr Total	IQUBX 10-yr Total	Total Saving	% Reduction
Base case	852.4	461.8	390.6	45.8%
Conservative (-25% conv. factors)	759.5	441.1	318.4	41.9%
Favourable (+25% conv. factors)	945.3	482.5	462.8	49.0%

Even under the most conservative scenario, the total saving remains above 318 tCO2e with a reduction above 41%. The directional conclusion holds robustly across the full range.

Glass Reuse Rate Sensitivity

Glass Reuse Rate	Glass Partition Saving	Impact on Total Saving
75% (base case)	81.6 tCO2e	390.6 tCO2e
60%	72.8 tCO2e	381.8 tCO2e
50%	66.9 tCO2e	375.9 tCO2e

Recycled Aluminium Content Sensitivity

Recycled Content	Carbon Reduction Factor	Initial Saving	Total Saving
75% (base)	50% frame reduction	100.5 tCO2e	390.6 tCO2e
50% (conservative)	33% frame reduction	78.2 tCO2e	368.3 tCO2e

Solid Partition Lifecycle Factor Sensitivity

Conv. Lifecycle Factor	Solid Partition Saving	Impact on Total Saving
120% (higher churn)	178.7 tCO2e	410.1 tCO2e
95% (base case)	159.2 tCO2e	390.6 tCO2e
70% (reduced)	119.5 tCO2e	350.9 tCO2e

Alternative Interior Benchmark (350 kgCO2e/sqm)

Parameter	At 500 kgCO2e/sqm	At 350 kgCO2e/sqm
Total interior initial carbon	2,322.0 tCO2e	1,625.8 tCO2e
Assessed scope as % of total	20.7%	29.5%
Conventional 10-yr total	2,694.8 tCO2e	1,998.6 tCO2e
IQUBX 10-yr total	2,304.2 tCO2e	1,608.0 tCO2e
Absolute saving	390.6 tCO2e	390.6 tCO2e
% reduction	14.5%	19.5%

The percentage reduction increases under a lower benchmark because IQUBX-assessed systems become a larger share of the total interior.

Combined Worst-Case Scenario

Simultaneous conservative adjustments: conventional lifecycle factors -25%; IQUBX lifecycle factors +5%; glass reuse at 50%; recycled content at 50%.

Estimated total saving: approximately 280–295 tCO2e
Estimated reduction within assessed scope: approximately 35–37%

This represents the floor of the defensible saving range. Even under combined worst-case conditions, the carbon reduction remains substantial and directionally consistent with the thesis.

Annexure C: Material Carbon Reference Data

Aluminium — Published Carbon Intensity Values

Source	Material	kgCO2e/kg	Notes
ICE Database (EU avg)	Aluminium, extruded, 31% recycled	6.83	World average recycled content
Aluminium Extruders Council (N. America)	Aluminium, extruded, 69% recycled	10.25	Different energy mix accounting
OpenCO2.net	Aluminium, primary production	14.77	Cradle-to-gate, no recycled content
Hydro REDUXA	Low-carbon aluminium (hydropower)	4.00	Among lowest available globally
ICE Database range	Recycled aluminium	0.5–2.5	Varies by process and alloy

Aluminium — Recycled Content in Building Products

Source	Region	Recycled Content	Year
Aluminum Association (US)	North America	60%+	2024
International Aluminium Institute	Global average	33%	2023
IQUBX (working assumption)	India / GCC	75%	2026

Partition Service Life — Published Research

Source	Finding	Value	Context
Schneider-Marin et al.	Gypsum board service life in offices	20 years	Due to user changes, not physical deterioration
Urlainis et al. (2024)	Gypsum board replacement (intensive)	11–27 years	Applied Sciences, MDPI
Buyle et al.	Interior partition refurbishment cycle	Every 15 years	60-year building lifespan
Baker Partition Wall (2026)	Modular partition disassembly rate	80%	Industry report
Mateus et al. (2024)	Prefab vs conventional partition carbon reduction	~40%	ScienceDirect

Building Embodied Carbon Benchmarks

Source	Benchmark	Value	Scope
RICS NZCBS (2023)	Most new-build projects	450–650 kgCO2e/sqm	Whole building, upfront (A1-A5)

 

LETI	Aspirational target	500 kgCO2e/sqm	Whole building
RIBA 2030	Business-as-usual upfront	850 kgCO2e/sqm	Whole building
RIBA 2030 target	2030 whole life target	625 kgCO2e/sqm	Whole building, whole life
This study	Premium Grade-A interior	500 kgCO2e/sqm	Interior fit-out only
This study (alt.)	Standard interior	350 kgCO2e/sqm	Interior fit-out, sensitivity

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Annexure D: Glossary of Terms and Acronyms

Term	Definition
BOQ	Bill of Quantities — itemised list of materials and quantities in a construction project
CKD	Completely Knocked Down — products shipped as disassembled components for local assembly
DGU	Double Glazed Unit — two panes of glass with an air or gas gap
EPD	Environmental Product Declaration — standardised, third-party-verified environmental impact document (ISO 14025)
GreenPro	Type 1 Ecolabel certification by the Green Products and Services Council (CII body, India)
IAI	International Aluminium Institute
ICE Database	Inventory of Carbon and Energy — free embodied carbon database (University of Bath / Circular Ecology)
kgCO2e	Kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent
LCA	Life Cycle Assessment — methodology for environmental impact calculation (ISO 14040/14044)
LETI	London Energy Transformation Initiative
MEP	Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing — building services infrastructure
RIBA	Royal Institute of British Architects
RICS	Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
RIS2050	Ras Al Khaimah Integrated Sustainability Strategy 2050
STC	Sound Transmission Class — acoustic rating system for partition performance
tCO2e	Metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
VIG	Vacuum Insulated Glass

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Annexure to: IQUBX Lifecycle Carbon Reduction Framework for Modular Interior Infrastructure — Revised Edition, July 2026

Prepared by Amit Garg, IQUBX Private Limited

Methodology, Copyright and Use Notice

© 2026 Amit Garg / IQUBX Private Limited. All rights reserved.

These calculation tables, assumptions, scenarios, material quantities, emission factors, formulas, comparative models, sensitivity analyses and resulting estimates form part of the original analytical work developed for the accompanying white paper:

[Lifecycle Carbon Reduction Framework for Modular Interior Infrastructure]

These tables must be read only in conjunction with the said white paper, including its methodology, definitions, system boundaries, assumptions, exclusions, qualifications and limitations.

The calculations constitute a transparent, notional and assumption-based analytical framework. They are not a certified lifecycle assessment, environmental product declaration, project certification or universally applicable carbon claim.

The structure, selection of assumptions, analytical logic, formulas, comparisons, tables, graphics and interpretation contained in this work may not be copied, adapted, republished, commercially used or presented as the work of another person or organisation without prior written permission.

Any authorised quotation or reference must clearly acknowledge Amit Garg and IQUBX Private Limited and cite the accompanying white paper.
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